重庆市2009～2018年工业用地供应规模时空特征分析

工业用地供应行为的演化是工业经济发展的重要体现,分析工业用地供应规模的时空变化特征,有利于推进土地供给侧结构性改革,促进工业高质量发展,优化国土空间格局.基于重庆市2009～2018年工业用地供应公告数据,建立重庆市工业用地供应数据库,运用基尼系数、核密度分布、冷热点分析和趋势面分析方法,分析重庆市工业用地供应规模的时空变化规律.结果 表明:(1)重庆市工业用地供应规模总体上处于波动下降趋势,供应的区位呈现较为明显的东北-西南方向分布.区位基尼系数具有波动性特征,市域和分区都在空间分布不均衡和均衡间反复.(2)工业用地供应点规模呈现出“主环-斑点”式空间布局模式,高密度核心逐渐向主城区中心聚集.供应规模的热点区县在主城区的东西两侧变动,冷点区集中在渝东北角.(3)重庆市的中心城区及其西部和南部具有较大的工业用地供应规模,为建设成渝地区双城经济圈奠定了较好基础.     

长江经济带开发区及其产业空间格局演变研究

开发区是区域经济发展的重要引擎,优化开发区空间布局和产业结构配置对长江经济带经济协调可持续发展具有重要的现实意义.运用统计分析及地理空间分析方法,探究长江经济带省级以上开发区及其产业的空间格局演变特征,并采用多元线性回归方法探析技术密集型产业空间分布的主要影响因素.结果表明:长江江经济带开发区空间布局1992～2012年由分散"多点状"结构变为"T字型"结构,2012～2017年稳定为"网格状结构";开发区空间分布呈稳定的"西南-东北"方向,分布中心偏移特征为"东北向-正西向-东北向",2002～2012年偏移幅度最大,2012～2017年偏移幅度最小,地理空间总体呈扩张态势;开发区空间相关性总体上波动起伏,高-高集聚区域先增大再缩小;开发区产业中技术密集型产业具有绝对优势,其中以装备制造业为主,其与电子通信产业共同呈现明显的"一核多极"空间分布特征,四大行业中另外2个行业与开发区空间布局特征相一致;三大类型产业中,总体呈现为上下波动的集聚特征,只有1992年的劳动密集型产业为分散特征;城市经济环境对于开发区产业发展有正向联系,而政府引用外资存在一定的反向联系,政策因素在整个发展过程中发挥了重要的影响作用.     

藻渣添加对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵特征的影响

厌氧发酵是农业废弃物资源化的有效途径之一.将农业废弃物同其他富含氮元素的有机废物混合发酵能够有效地提高产气效率.以玉米秸秆为例,尝试利用藻渣作为添加剂,提高农业废弃物厌氧发酵的性能.实验主要研究了混合发酵比例对沼气产量、甲烷产量、沼渣沼液特征的影响.当玉米秸秆、藻渣和接种污泥的挥发性固体质量分数为10∶ 2∶2时,沼气产率最高可达421.0 mL/g,甲烷产率为218.7 mL/g.沼渣组分分析表明,纤维素和半纤维素降解效率分别为83.7％和68.4％,和对照相比纤维素的降解效率显著提高.结果表明,藻渣的添加能够有效地促进玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产甲烷过程.     

城市大气中挥发性有机化合物监测技术进展

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是臭氧及二次有机颗粒物(SOA)的主要前体物。近年来,我国逐步将VOCs纳入大气污染物控制体系。准确可靠的监测技术是大气VOCs研究及控制的重要前提保障。按照采样方法、分析方法 2个方面介绍并讨论了城市大气中VOCs的现有监测方法,较为详细地介绍了几类广泛采用的离线及在线监测技术,简要讨论了目前VOCs监测中存在的一些问题,展望了今后的发展趋势。     

基于微型无人机遥感数据的城市水环境信息提取初探

近年来,黑臭水体整治已经成为各级政府的重要工作内容。为更好地开展黑臭水体筛查和监管工作,提出基于多旋翼无人机搭载多光谱相机的遥感监测方案,尝试采用影像特征变换结合面向对象分类方法提取黑臭水体的遥感信息。结果表明:(1)无人机影像上地物具有更加丰富的色彩和纹理;(2)与主成分变换和纹理分析方法相比,光谱指数对典型地物具有较好的判别能力;(3)采用标准最邻近分类法提取城市水环境信息,能够获得较高分类精度。     

基于SPSS的独流减河水生态水环境相关关系研究

为提升独流减河干流水生态水平,增强水生态管理能力,亟需建立独流减河水生态水环境响应模型,实现通过管理水环境调节水生态的目的。于2017年在独流减河干流10个断面采集了120个水样、40个生物样品,进行了水质检测和藻类鉴定。结果表明:独流减河干流以Cl~-和Na~+为主要离子,平均质量浓度分别为4 774.35mg/L、2 137.35 mg/L;总氮、总磷质量浓度高,平均质量浓度分别为4.17 mg/L、0.46 mg/L;Pb、Cd污染较重,平均质量浓度分别为0.1mg/L、0.05 mg/L;藻类以蓝藻门的数量最多、绿藻门种类最多。基于SPSS平台对水生态指数和水质因子进行相关性分析,并建立了水生态回归模型。结果表明,独流减河藻类香农多样性指数与水体中的氮磷比呈反比例关系,要保证较高的水生态多样性,水体中氮磷比需要控制在8.83以下。     

煤与瓦斯共采在错层位巷道布置中的机理研究及应用构想

为了完善现有煤与瓦斯共采技术，创新煤与瓦斯共采方法，对错层位巷道布置下的煤与瓦斯共采系统展开研究，利用相似模拟试验，分析错层位巷道布置覆岩运动情况，预测其开采围岩裂隙发育和瓦斯运移形式，提出了创新煤与瓦斯共采技术构想。研究结果表明:采空区覆岩三带高度随接续工作面的增加而增大，相邻采空区垮落矸石压实区呈现“O-L-O”形变化，多个相邻采空区覆岩出现大“O”形圈裂隙带；相邻采空区内瓦斯可实现相互运移，大“O”形圈裂隙带内赋存大量瓦斯气体；研究提出了地面钻井抽采瓦斯、走向高位瓦斯抽采巷和外错尾巷穿层钻孔3种煤与瓦斯共采技术，比传统巷道布置情况下的煤与瓦斯共采技术在安全、经济等方面更具优势。     

消毒水使用对汽车VOC检测结果的影响

以84消毒液为例,研究其对皮革、塑料、发泡、地毯、密封条几种典型汽车材料的袋子法VOC检测结果的影响。经过实验结果分析:84消毒液直接喷在样品上对袋子法VOC检测结果存在影响;84消毒液喷在用PE缠绕膜包装的样品上对袋子法VOC检测结果无影响。     

浙江省土地利用非农化与城市化的空间关系计量

Land use is an important carrier and intuitive result of urbanization process. Driven by the dual transformation of China’s land system and developed regional economy, the interrelationship between urbanization and land use non agriculturalization in coastal areas and its evolution are uniquely explored. Based on the county land use information of Zhejiang Province in 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper quantitatively analyzes the differentiation of county comprehensive urbanization, land use non agriculturalization and the conversion source and flow of key county construction land in 2005-2015. Then use the Theil index and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation method to explore the spatial correlation model of urbanization level and land use non agriculturalization in Zhejiang Provinces. (1) The level of urbanization in Zhejiang County is rapidly increasing and gradually achieving spatial balance and forming a group like urbanization situation centered on Hangzhou, Ningbo，Jinhua, Wenzhou and other municipal districts; the focus of construction land changes from the central and northern plains to the southeast coastal plains. However, the increase in the municipal area is still the most obvious. The increase or decrease of land for agricultural conversion is the key reason for the large scale change in construction land in Zhejiang County; (2) The spatial positive correlation between land non agriculturalization and urbanization in Zhejiang Province has increased significantly, and the spatial differentiation situation has been highlighted. It has shown that the high aggregation area has shifted from the middle part to the east coast of Zhejiang and the islands. In general, the high high type is mostly distributed in the northern Zhejiang Plain, while the low low type extends from the coastal to the inland. (3) There is a significant scale effect of comprehensive urbanization and land use non agriculturalization in Zhejiang Province, and the correlation difference increases with spatial scale. This study reveals the spatial correlation between urbanization and land non agriculturalization in the period of urbanization of economically developed provinces. It has important guiding value for promoting the synergy of land use planning and urban planning, and implementing land transfer and trans administrative area replacement according to local conditions.     

Study on the denitrification performance of FexLayOz/activated coke for NH3-SCR and the effect of CO escaped from activated coke at mid-high temperature on catalytic activity

Currently, activated coke is widely used in the removal of multiple pollutants from industrial flue gas. In this paper, a series of novel Fe_xLa_yO_z/AC catalysts was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation for NH₃-SCR denitrification reaction. The introduction of Fe-La bimetal oxides significantly improved the denitrification performance of activated coke at mid-high temperature, and 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC exhibited a superior NO_x conversion efficiency of 90.1% at 400 °C. The catalysts were further characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, Raman, EPR, XPS, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, et al., whose results showed that the perovskite-type oxide of LaFeO₃ and oxygen vacancies were produced on the catalysts’ surfaces during roasting. Fe-La doping enhanced the amount of acid sites (mainly Lewis and other stronger acid sites) and the content of multifarious oxygen species, which were beneficial for NO_x removal at mid-high temperature. Moreover, it was investigated that the effect of released CO from activated coke at mid-high temperature on the NO_x removal through the lifetime test, in which it was found that a large amount of CO produced by pyrolysis of activated coke could promote the NO_x removal, and long-term escaping of CO on the activated coke carrier did not have a significant negative impact on catalytic performance. The results of the TG-IR test showed that volatile matter is released from the activated coke while TG results showed that the weight loss rate of 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC only was 0.0015~0.007%/min at 300–400 °C. Hence, 4% Fe_0.3La_0.7O_1.5/AC had excellent thermal stability and denitrification performance to be continuously used at mid-high temperature. Finally, the mechanisms were proposed on the basis of experiments and characterization results.